a plant variety that has been produced in cultivation by either selective breeding or naturally occurring mutation; cultivars can arise from crossing genetically similar species, the same species, distinct similar species cultivars, distinct same species cultivars, a combination of the aforementioned methods, or mutations caused by natural selective processes; cultivars can be sterile or fertile […]
shedding its leaves annually during the autumn
referring to dioecy; a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female cones or flowers; dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction and viable seeds can only be produced with male and female present
retaining its leaves throughout the year
less than four hours of unfiltered sunlight per day
six or more hours of unfiltered sunlight per day
a geographic area defined to encompass a certain range of climatic conditions relevant to plant growth and survival Need help finding out your Hardiness Zone?
a plant that is both non-native to the US and able to establish on many sites, grow quickly, and spread to the point of disrupting plant communities or ecosystems
mast is considered the edible vegetative or reproductive parts produced by woody species of plants, i.e. trees and shrubs, that wildlife and some domestic animals consume as a food source
referring to monoecy; a sexual system in seed plants where separate male and female cones or flowers are present on the same plant; monoecious plants are capable of producing viable fruit on their own
“Hundreds of cattle and sheep have died here in the past five years from bubby. The seeds only are poisonous. When a brute gets a sufficient does , from five to ten well filled pods, it makes for the nearest water and often falls dead while drinking, or it may live three or four weeks and then die. The symptoms are like those of a man extremely drunk, except that any noise frightens it. Stamp the ground hard, close to a brute poisoned with bubby, and it will jump and jerk and tremble for several minutes. That is our method of telling when they have taken it. The eyes turn white and glassy, and while lying they throw back the head and look as if dead already. Bubby does not seem to hurt a brute so much if it cannot get water. Our best remedy is apple brandy, strong coffee and raw eggs poured down as soon as possible after finding. It is certain that bubby is the most poisonous of any shrub or weed in existence here, from the fact that when brutes have once eaten it, they will take it every time they can get it. It grows on every hillside, along all branches [creeks], in every fence corner and almost everywhere here.”
– JHH Boyd [Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club v.15 1888 – p.208]
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